7. pH-Wert des Mars

7. pH-Wert des Mars

In dieser Lektion befassen wir uns mit dem pH-Wert bestimmter Umgebungen auf dem Mars und damit, wie sich dies auf seine potenzielle Bewohnbarkeit auswirken kann.

Zur Erinnerung: Lehrernotizen, Präsentationen und alle Inhalte können zur Anpassung und Verwendung in Ihrem Klassenzimmer heruntergeladen werden. Vergessen Sie nur nicht, uns als Quelle anzugeben (siehe “Nutzung der Ressourcen”).

Übersicht

Altersgruppe:

10-14

Benötigte Ausrüstung:

  • Computer
  • Projektor

Zeit der Lektion:

45 Minuten (einschließlich 1 Video)

Behandelte Themen:

  • Chemie (pH)
  • Biologie (Leben in Extremen)
  • Astronomie (Mars-Oberflächenbedingungen).

Lernergebnisse:

Gliederung der Aktivität: Verstehen, wie der pH-Wert des Mars die Bewohnbarkeit des Roten Planeten beeinflussen kann.

Nach Abschluss dieser Aktivität können die SchülerInnen:

  • Verstehen der pH-Skala.
  • Beschreiben Sie, wie Faktoren auf dem Mars den pH-Wert beeinflussen können.
  • Diskutieren Sie, wie der pH-Wert die Bewohnbarkeit beeinflusst.

Hintergrundmaterial:

Was ist der pH-Wert?

Aber bevor wir auf die Auswirkungen des pH-Werts eingehen, kann uns jemand erklären, was mit pH-Wert gemeint ist?

(Antworten nehmen)Mit dem pH-Wert messen wir den Säuregrad und die Alkalität. Basen und Säuren werden als chemische Gegensätze betrachtet, da die Wirkung einer Säure darin besteht, die Hydroniumkonzentration (H O3+ ) im Wasser zu erhöhen, während Basen diese Konzentration verringern. Eine Reaktion zwischen wässrigen Lösungen einer Säure und einer Base wird als Neutralisation bezeichnet, wobei eine Lösung aus Wasser und einem Salz entsteht, in der sich das Salz in seine einzelnen Ionen aufspaltet. Wenn die wässrige Lösung mit einem bestimmten gelösten Salz gesättigt ist, fällt jedes weitere Salz aus der Lösung aus.

pH-Skala

Der pH-Wert wird in der Regel anhand der pH-Skala gemessen. Verbindungen mit niedrigem pH-Wert sind sauer, was von einer starken Säure bei pH 1 bis zu einer schwachen Säure bei pH 6 reicht. pH 7 gilt als neutral und ein pH-Wert darüber ist basisch, von pH 8 bis 14. 

Diskutieren Sie, wie Ihrer Meinung nach der pH-Wert auf dem Mars sein könnte?

Jetzt, da Sie einige Hintergrundinformationen haben, was würden Sie erwarten, dass der durchschnittliche pH-Wert auf dem Mars ist?

(Antworten nehmen)

Wie können wir den pH-Wert feststellen?

Um dies zu wissen, müssen wir zunächst in der Lage sein, den pH-Wert zu bestimmen. Wie können wir das tun? 

(Antworten nehmen)

pH-Skalen sind oft farbig. Dies ist auf die übliche Verwendung einer Lösung zurückzuführen, die Universalindikator genannt wird und zur Anzeige des pH-Werts ihre Farbe ändert. Bei Anwesenheit einer Säure färbt er sich rot, bei neutralem pH-Wert wird die Lösung grün und bei Anwesenheit einer Base tiefblau/violett. Es gibt jedoch auch andere Indikatoren wie Phenolphthalein, das sich in Gegenwart einer Base rosa färbt und bei einer Säure keine Farbänderung zeigt. pH-Indikatoren finden sich sogar häufig in der Küche – wie der Saft eines Rotkohls, der sich in Gegenwart einer Base blau-grün und bei einer Säure rosa färbt.

Video: Erkennung des pH-Wertes  

Hier haben wir ein Video, das den Farbwechsel einer Lösung bei Verwendung eines Universalindikators zeigt: 

Hintergrundinformationen zum Video: In diesem Video wird eine Lösung von schwach konzentriertem Natriumhydroxid (NaOH) gezeigt. Universalindikatorlösung wird hinzugefügt, die die Lösung violett färbt. Anschließend wird eine 5%ige Essigsäurelösung in Form von handelsüblichem weißem Kochessig zugegeben. Die Lösung mit dem Universalindikator färbt sich rot.

Was ist passiert? Warum?

Bitte diskutieren Sie in Gruppen, was Sie in diesem Video beobachtet haben. Warum, glaubt ihr, ist das passiert?

(Zeit für Gruppendiskussion einplanen)

(Antworten nehmen)

Rio Tinto Fluss

Es gibt auf der Erde Gebiete mit extremen pH-Werten. Ein solcher Ort ist der Fluss Rio Tinto in Spanien. Der pH-Wert des Rio Tinto erreicht in einigen Bereichen des Flusses einen Wert von bis zu 2,3, was zeigt, dass diese Umgebung sehr sauer ist. Dieser niedrige pH-Wert wird durch Wechselwirkungen zwischen Gestein und Mikroorganismen im Fluss verursacht, die als Gesteins-Wasser-Biologie-Wechselwirkungen bekannt sind. Dies führt dazu, dass große Mengen an Verbindungen wie Schwefelsäure, Sulfate und Eisen(III)-Eisen im Flusswasser vorhanden sind. Letzteres verleiht dem Rio Tinto seine charakteristische rote Färbung.

In dieser extremen Umgebung wurden sowohl eukaryotische als auch prokaryotische Organismen beobachtet, die unter den sauren Bedingungen gedeihen. Daher ist der Rio Tinto ein analoges Planetenfeld, das uns Aufschluss über die Aussichten auf Leben in extremen Umgebungen anderswo im Sonnensystem geben kann.

Wie wirkt sich CO2 auf den pH-Wert aus?

Zurück zum Mars: Die Marsatmosphäre besteht hauptsächlich aus Kohlendioxid, und an den Polen des Mars gibt es große Ablagerungen von festem Kohlendioxid.

Welche Auswirkung hat Kohlendioxid Ihrer Meinung nach auf den pH-Wert?  Bitte diskutieren Sie in Gruppen.

(Zeit für Gruppendiskussion einplanen)

(Antworten nehmen)

Wenn Kohlendioxid in Wasser gelöst wird, entsteht Kohlensäure, die den pH-Wert auf dem Mars senkt. Kohlensäure ist etwas, dem viele Menschen täglich in Form von kohlensäurehaltigen Getränken begegnen. Wenn Sie jemals einen merkwürdigen Nachgeschmack in kohlensäurehaltigem Wasser bemerkt haben, ist dies auf das Vorhandensein von Kohlensäure zurückzuführen. Einer der Gründe, warum bei der Entwicklung von kohlensäurehaltigen Getränken so viel Zucker verwendet wird, besteht darin, genau diesen Geschmack zu überdecken.

Wie könnte sich dies auf die Bewohnbarkeit auswirken?

Wie würde sich Ihrer Meinung nach das Vorhandensein von Kohlensäure auf die mögliche Bewohnbarkeit des Mars auswirken?  Bitte diskutieren Sie in Gruppen.

(Zeit für Gruppendiskussion einplanen)

(Antworten nehmen)

Rückblick

Nach dieser Lektion sollten die Schüler in der Lage sein, diese Fragen zu beantworten: 

  • Was zeigt eine pH-Skala an?
  • Welche Faktoren auf dem Mars (früher oder heute) könnten den pH-Wert beeinflussen?
  • Wie könnte sich der pH-Wert auf die Bewohnbarkeit des Mars auswirken?

Die Präsentation herunterladen

PowerPoint (3 MB)

PDF (1 MB)

Ressourcen für Lehrer herunterladen

Word (371 KB)

PDF (260 KB)

Ressourcen für Lehrer (video)

6. Verdampfung und Aggregatzustände der Materie

6. Verdampfung und Aggregatzustände der Materie

In dieser Lektion befassen wir uns mit der Entwicklung von Salzschichten und dem Potenzial für ihre Bewohnbarkeit.

Zur Erinnerung: Lehrernotizen, Präsentationen und alle Inhalte können zur Anpassung und Verwendung in Ihrem Klassenzimmer heruntergeladen werden. Vergessen Sie nur nicht, uns als Quelle anzugeben (siehe “Nutzung der Ressourcen”).

Übersicht

Altersgruppe:

10-14

Benötigte Ausrüstung:

  • Computer
  • Projektor

Zeit der Lektion:

45 Minuten (einschließlich 1 Video)

Behandelte Themen:

  • Chemie (Zustände der Materie)
  • Biologie (Leben in Extremen)
  • Astronomie (Mars-Oberflächenbedingungen).

Lernergebnisse:

Gliederung der Aktivität: Verstehen Sie die Entstehung von Salzpfannen durch den Mechanismus der Verdunstung.

Nach Abschluss dieser Aktivität können die SchülerInnen:

  • Verdunstung kritisch prüfen
  • Zustände der Materie verstehen
  • Beschreiben Sie, wie sich Salzgehalt und Austrocknung auf die Bewohnbarkeit einer Umgebung auswirken.

Hintergrundmaterial:

Verdunstung

Zunächst einmal müssen wir uns mit der Verdunstung befassen. Kann jemand erklären, was mit Verdunstung gemeint ist?

(Antworten nehmen)

Verdampfung ist der Prozess, bei dem eine Flüssigkeit von einem flüssigen in einen gasförmigen Zustand übergeht. Dies kann viele Formen annehmen – das häufigste Beispiel ist ein Prozess, der oft als Lufttrocknung bezeichnet wird. Dies geschieht dadurch, dass Flüssigkeitsmoleküle an der Oberfläche in einen Dampf entweichen. Ein weiteres Beispiel ist das Sieden, das auftritt, wenn die Temperatur einer Flüssigkeit ihren Siedepunkt überschreitet (im Falle von Wasser ist dies 100 ⁰C). Wenn Wasser die Temperatur von 100 ⁰C überschreitet, wird es zu Dampf. Entgegen der landläufigen Meinung ist Dampf unsichtbar, und die Wolken, die man über kochendem Wasser sehen kann, sind in Wirklichkeit Dampf oder Wasserdampf, der wieder zu Tröpfchen flüssigen Wassers kondensiert. 

Aggregatzustände der Materie

Wir haben bereits über die Idee der Materiezustände gesprochen, aber kann jemand erklären, was die Materiezustände sind?

(Antworten nehmen)

Ein fester Zustand behält seine Form bei. Seine Moleküle sind viel stärker strukturiert und haben nicht die verfügbare Energie, um sich frei zu bewegen. Bei den meisten Verbindungen ist ihre feste Form die dichteste Form. Es gibt jedoch Ausnahmen von dieser Regel, z. B. Eis, das eine geringere Dichte hat als flüssiges Wasser. Dies ist auf seine molekulare Struktur als Festkörper zurückzuführen. 

Wenn eine Verbindung mehr Energie erhält und schmilzt, haben wir die flüssige Form einer Verbindung. Eine Flüssigkeit ist ein Fluid, das heißt, sie kann fließen und die Form ihres Behälters annehmen. Einige Flüssigkeiten können recht instabil sein, sie verdampfen leicht oder benötigen sogar einen hohen Druck, um sich überhaupt zu bilden, wie z. B. Kohlendioxid. Wenn ein Feststoff wie Kohlendioxid unter normalem Erddruck von einem Feststoff zu einem Gas wird, spricht man von Sublimation. Der letzte Aggregatzustand, der im Rahmen dieser Lektion behandelt wird, ist, wie bereits erwähnt, Gas. Gase sind wie Flüssigkeiten flüssig und füllen je nach ihrer Dichte den gesamten verfügbaren Raum aus.

Makgadikgadi Salzpfannen und Formation

Auf diesem Foto sehen wir die Makgadikgadi-Salzpfannen in Botswana. Dies ist eine riesige Salzfläche, die für die Erforschung der Mikrobiologie in Gebieten mit hohem Salzgehalt sehr wertvoll geworden ist.

Diskutieren Sie, wie diese Umgebung entstanden ist

Diskutieren Sie in Gruppen, wie diese Umgebung entstanden sein könnte.

(Zeit für Gruppendiskussion einplanen)

(Antworten nehmen)

Video: Wie geschieht das? 

Hier haben wir ein Video, das zeigt, wie sich eine Umgebung wie die Makgadikgadi Salzpfannen gebildet haben könnte.

Hintergrundinformationen zum Video: In diesem Video haben wir eine gesättigte Lösung von Natriumchlorid (NaCl). Wenn das Wasser weggekocht wird, wird die Lösung übersättigt. Bei weiterer Verdampfung wird sie übersättigt und das Natriumchlorid fällt aus der Lösung aus. Das Natriumchlorid hat eine viel höhere Dichte als der Wasserdampf und liegt deutlich unter seinem Schmelzpunkt, geschweige denn unter seinem Siedepunkt. Wenn also das Wasser verdampft, bleiben die dichteren festen Verbindungen wie das Natriumchlorid zurück.

Glaubst du, dass dort Leben überleben kann?

Bitte diskutieren Sie in Gruppen, ob Sie glauben, dass Leben in einer Umgebung mit so hohem Salzgehalt überleben kann.

(Zeit für Gruppendiskussion einplanen)

(Antworten nehmen)

Salz- und austrocknungstolerante Bakterien

Austrocknung (ein Zustand extremer Trockenheit) ist eine häufige Belastung, der Bakterien in der natürlichen Umgebung ausgesetzt sind. Daher haben sie eine Vielzahl von Schutzmechanismen entwickelt, um die durch den Wasserverlust verursachten Schäden abzumildern. Einige Arten haben Mechanismen entwickelt, die entweder dazu beitragen, anfällige Zellbestandteile vor Schäden zu schützen, oder die Wasser sequestrieren, um eine Dehydrierung zu vermeiden. Zu diesen Mechanismen gehören die Veränderung der Membranzusammensetzung oder die Modifikation von Lipopolysacchariden, um die Membranen während des Austrocknens zu stabilisieren, sowie die Anhäufung von kompatiblen gelösten Stoffen wie Trehalose, die Zytoplasma- und Membranbestandteile schützen können. Dies hat einige zu der Annahme veranlasst, dass Leben in extremen Umgebungen wie dem hohen Salzgehalt auf dem Mars überleben könnte.

Rückblick

Nach dieser Lektion sollten die Schüler in der Lage sein, diese Fragen zu beantworten: 

  • Was sind die verschiedenen Zustände der Materie?
  • Können Sie das Konzept der Verdunstung erklären?
  • Wie könnten Salz und Austrocknung die Bewohnbarkeit des Mars beeinflussen?

Die Präsentation herunterladen

PowerPoint (3 MB)

PDF (1.1 MB)

Ressourcen für Lehrer herunterladen

Word (371 KB)

PDF (260 KB)

Ressourcen für Lehrer (video)

Europlanet Swiss Space Area at Fantasy Basel

Europlanet Joins Swiss Space Area at Fantasy Basel

The space area at the 2024 edition of FANTASY BASEL, the Swiss Comic Con, had an exhibition and hands-on activities led by the Swiss Space Museum and its partners, including the National Centre of Competence in Research (NCCR) PlanetS and colleagues from Europlanet.

This year, we asked again the important question: what do you think a comet smells like? Over the three days, we collected 328 creative responses to this question, and talked to up to 10,000 attendees on the stand overall.

Responses ranged from :

  • Acacia honey
  • Fresh rain
  • A dusty cellar
  • Dirt mixed with water
  • Toilet cleaner
  • Flowers
  • Urine
  • A mossy cave
  • Old socks
  • Burned rock with caramel
  • Waste with mint
  • Incense and sandalwood
  • Holy somke1
  • Bergamot
  • Stone dust
  • Skunk
  • Sulfur and rose
  • Fizzer sweets
  • My cat after it went under the dusty bed
  • Out of this world 😉
  • Vick’s Vapo-Rub
  • Rotten dust / feet
  • Menthol
  • Sandalwood
  • Foul eggs
  • Esoteric store
  • Tiger balm
  • Chalk
  • The zoo

and many more!

Many thanks to the organisers for a fantastic event!

EPEC Annual Week 2024 – Programme

Europlanet Early Career (EPEC) Annual Week 2024 – 6th Edition

Details of EPEC Annual Week 2024

Dates: 25-28 June 2024
Venue: University of Padua’s Department of Geosciences/Online
Programme: Now Available

The EPEC Annual Week is an event that gathers Early Careers from everywhere in the world, where different seminars and workshops foster a healthy, collaborative, and interactive reflection on topics related to academia and the challenges that early careers face. In 2024, for the first time, it will be held as a hybrid meeting to allow all the people interested to join and participate. The school is organised by the Europlanet Early Career network (EPEC) and provides participants with the opportunity to engage with other young researchers.

The EPEC Annual Week  takes place in the spring/early summer of each year in a different location around Europe, and this year Italy will be the host country thanks to the participation of the University of Padua.

The EPEC Annual Week is an opportunity for the EPEC community to better get to know each other, to brainstorm on how to further develop the network in terms of the activities of its working groups and to enhance the interaction with members of the Europlanet Executive Board, who will be invited to give talks throughout the week. Furthermore, the school brings together young scientists from all EU countries and provides a networking platform where science discussion and collaboration are stimulated via a series of group activities.

Who can participate

Participants must be Early Careers (either be in their final year of an MSc course or be currently enrolled in a PhD program)  in the field of planetary/space science or have obtained their PhD qualification not earlier than 2017. Note that in order to apply to the training school you are NOT required to be a member of EPEC, although this is encouraged.

EPEC Annual Week banner 2024
EPEC Annual Week banner 2024

The 2024 edition of the EPEC Annual Week will take place in Padua, Italy. Sessions and activities related to the meeting will take place at the University of Padua’s Department of Geosciences. The Department is located just 15-20 mins walk from the city center in Via Giovanni Gradenigo 6. 

Programme

The programme for this year’s EPEC Annual Week will cover:

  • Introductions and sessions on:
    • Planetary science and industry (with a particular focus on Italy)
    • Fellowships and other opportunities
    • Outreach and science communication
    • Mental health and work/life balance
    • EPEC activities
  • Social events

Registration

Registration has now closed.

Successful applicants will be notified via e-mail within two days after the submission deadline. In case of any queries or problems related to the application procedure, please send an email to epec.network@gmail.com, including ‘EPEC Annual Week application’ in the subject.

Guidelines

Reporting Incidents

EPEC aspires to be a safe and respectful community, and will not tolerate harassment, bullying, discrimination or intimidation in any setting (online or face-to-face).

If you have experienced or have witnessed behaviour which is contrary to the Europlanet Code of Conduct please complete the Breach of Conduct Reporting Form.

Local Info

The 2024 edition of the EPEC Annual Week will take place in Padua, Italy. Sessions and activities related to the meeting will take place at the University of Padua’s Department of Geosciences. The Department is located just 15-20 mins walk from the city center in Via Giovanni Gradenigo 6.  

How to arrive in Padua

By plane

Padua is easily accessible from nearby airports. Closest airports are Venezia “Marco Polo” airport (VCE), Treviso “Antonio Canova” airport (TSF), Verona “Valerio Catullo” airport (VRN) and Bologna “Guglielmo Marconi” airport (BLQ).

From Venice “Marco Polo” airport (VCE), Padua can be reached:

  • by train, with a bus service from the airport to Mestre train station and from there a train to Padua (about 40 mins) 
  • by bus, departing in front of the airport and arriving at the bus station in Padua
  • by private transport, taxi or GoOpti (private or collective) transfer service
  • Please note that there is no bus or train service at night.

From Treviso “Antonio Canova” airport (TSF), Padua can be reached: 

  • by bus, local buses (E060) departing to the right of the airport exit and arriving at the bus station in Padua (about 1h). Please note that there is no bus service at night.
  • by private transport, taxi or GoOpti (private or collective) transfer service

From Verona “Valerio Catullo” airport (VRN), Padua can be reached: 

  • by train, with Verona Airlink from the airport to Verona Porta Nuova train station and from there a train to Padua (about 1h 15 mins)
  • by private transport, taxi or GoOpti (private or collective) transfer service
  • Please note that there is no train service at night.

From Bologna “Guglielmo Marconi” airport (BLQ), Padua can be reached:

  • by train, with Marconi Express monorail train from the airport to Bologna Stazione Centrale train station and from there with a train to Padua (about 1h 30 mins). Please note that there is no train service at night.
  • by taxi (about 1h 30 mins).

By train

The train station of Padua has daily direct connections through high-speed trains (Trenitalia and Italo trains) with major Italian cities such as Rome (3h 30 mins), Milan (2h), Naples (about 5h), Florence (about 2h), and of course Venice (Venezia) Mestre (15-30 mins). 

The taxi waiting stand is right in front of Padua’s train station. 

A luggage storage service is open every day from 6 am to 8 pm next to platform 1.

Hotel info and location 

Participants will be accomodated in double rooms with breakfast included at the Hotel “Al Fagiano” located in Padua’s historical city center (Via Antonio Locatelli 45) just a few minutes walk from the Basilica del Santo and Prato della Valle. 

How to get from the train station to the hotel and back

Tram stops and numerous bus lines are located close to the hotel. From the Padua train station the easiest option is to take the tram Sir1 in the direction of “Santo” and get off at the “Santo” stop, from there, cross the street and take the 1st street on the right (Via Locatelli) where the hotel is located at n.45. The whole trip takes about 10-15 mins. 

How to get from the hotel to the venue and back

The venue is located approximately 25 mins walk from the hotel. Alternatively, you can combine a bus trip and some walking, which will take a similar amount of time. 

Possible route from the hotel:

  • Take Line U13 at “Businello Santo” stop, get off at “Scardeone 2” stop and then walk for 12 mins 
EPEC AW Bus Route
  • Take Line U03 at “Businello 4” stop, get off at “Tommaseo 114” stop and then walk for 5 mins
EPEC AW Bus Route

You can do the reverse journey to come back. All the info about bus lines and stops can be consulted on Google Maps or on the Moovit app. 

Moving around Padua

The city of Padua has local buses and trams. Timetables, maps, and information on where to buy tickets are available here

If you prefer an alternative and sustainable way to explore the city there are bike sharing (Mobike, GoodBike) and e-scooters (BIT Mobility, Dott) services. More info is available here

Taxi service is also available 24h (Radio Taxi Padova). Short taxi trips within the city center should cost about 10-20 euros. More info is available here.

Consider also downloading the app Moovit for planning your trip.

About Padua

Padua (Padova, in the Italian language) is located in the center of the Veneto region, close to the lagoon city Venice. Populated since the Roman’s time, Padua is a city rich in history and culture. The city is an UNESCO site for the “Orto Botanico” (Botanical Gardens), which is the oldest in the world, and the “Cappella degli Scrovegni” (Scrovegni Chapel), painted by Giotto in 1305.

Padua is also home to one of the oldest universities in the world and the second oldest university in Italy. Founded in 1222, the University has always played a central role in Astronomical sciences. Many important people visited, taught or studied at Padua: for example Nicolaus Copernicus and Galileo Galilei. Galileo was a professor at the University of Padua, and during his stay in the city, he discovered the four Moons of Jupiter using his telescope: Io, Europa, Callisto and Ganymede.

In 1671 the University of Padova obtained the permission to build an astronomical observatory. Giuseppe Toaldo, priest and professor of astronomy, identified the Torlonga tower as the perfect place (now called “Specola”). In 1777 Torloga became the first observatory of the University, to which was added those of Asiago in 1942 (Cima Pennar) and in 1972 (Cima Ekar).

Social Events and Excursions

Details coming soon.

EPEC Annual Week Organising Team

  • Beatrice Baschetti, INAF
  • Silvia Bertoli, INAF
  • Nicole Costa, University of Padua
  • Jessie Hogan, Open University (EPEC Co-Chair)
  • Melissa Mirino, INAF (EPEC Co-Chair)
  • Giovanni Munaretto, INAF
  • Gloria Tognon, Center of Studies and Activities for Space “G. Colombo” – CISAS

Past EPEC Annual Weeks

Find out more about past EPEC Annual Weeks.

Europlanet Transnational Access on Show at ATOMKI-Hosted Workshop

Europlanet Transnational Access on Show at ATOMKI-Hosted Workshop

The HUN-REN Nuclear Research Institute (ATOMKI) recently hosted a two-day workshop on Radiation-Driven Chemistry in Astrophysics and Planetary Science. Around 45 international participants attended and discussed developments in astrochemistry and present the latest results of research. The first day finished with a round-table discussion on some of the challenges and opportunities for the astrochemistry community

Several presentations over the two days featured work carried out through the Europlanet 2024 Research Infrastructure (RI) Transnational Access programme in the ATOMKI laboratories.

Participants were given tours of both ATOMKI facilities offered fro (TA) through Europlanet, the Atomki Ice Chamber for Astrophysics/Astrochemistry (ICA) and the Atomki ECRIS Laboratory: Atomki-Queen’s University Ice Laboratory for Astrochemistry (AQUILA).

Find out more about the workshop.

Find out more about how the ATOMKI facilities have been developed through support from the Europlanet 2024 RI project.

Atomki Workshop - April 2024

Report from the Radiation-Driven Chemistry in Astrophysics and Planetary Science Workshop

(Reposted in English from the original on the ATOMKI website, with thanks to ATOMKI and the workshop organising committee.)

The HUN-REN Nuclear Research Institute (ATOMKI) recently hosted specialists researching chemical processes in outer space. The aim of the two-day event called Radiation-Driven Chemistry in Astrophysics and Planetary Science Workshop was to review the development directions of astrochemistry and to present the latest results of measurements carried out in the ATOMKI laboratories in the framework of international collaborations.

The starry sky is magical and enchanting. Humanity has been preoccupied with the regularities observed in the movement of celestial objects since its inception. In addition to observing with the naked eye, thanks to the development of technical devices, we first used binoculars and then spectroscopic (spectroscopic) methods to spy on the sky. And the space tools launched into outer space expanded our horizons and our possibilities explosively. Today, many disciplines deal with the study of our remote environment.

Astrophysics – hand in hand with astronomy – deals with the origin, history and structure of the world, the creation of chemical elements, and nuclear physical processes taking place in stars. Nuclear astrophysics research is largely carried out with the help of particle accelerators, where nuclear physics reactions are created, modeling the processes taking place in stars.

Astrochemistry studies the chemical processes taking place in outer space. How do more complex molecules form in the cradles of stars, in these very cold and distant molecular clouds, in the thin layers of ice containing atoms and smaller molecules deposited on the particles of cosmic dust? What chemical transformations take place on the surface and atmosphere of planets, moons, comets, and asteroids?

According to research, it is becoming more and more obvious that cosmic radiation and the high-energy particles emitted by stars, such as photons, ions and electrons, play a decisive role in these chemical processes. Their flow is called the stellar wind or, in the case of the Sun, the solar wind.

With the help of instruments on the ground and in space, we can also determine the chemical composition of very distant celestial bodies and nebulae. Among the hundreds of molecules detected in outer space, you can find the building blocks of living organisms, as well as larger organic molecules. Astrobiology deals with the study of the processes leading to the creation of life.

Molecules in the distant regions of outer space can be identified with the help of space telescopes (such as the James Webb Space Telescope) that use the method of radio astronomy and spectrum analysis in the infrared range (spectroscopy), and thus learn something about the chemical processes taking place there. In the closer places, within the Solar System, the probes of the space missions perform direct sampling and measurements.

However, in order to interpret the data, it is necessary to model the effect of cosmic radiation, the stellar wind, and the solar wind on molecules and thus on chemical processes here on Earth in laboratory conditions. Most of the processes taking place in the Solar System can be modeled with the help of high-energy ions and electrons created by ATOMKI’s particle accelerator equipment, ion and electron sources. Dozens of foreign groups come to the institute every year to take advantage of the facilities offered by the equipment.

With the particle beam, ices of a special composition are irradiated, such as are found on the surface of icy celestial bodies in our Solar System. Chemical changes are followed by infrared spectroscopic methods. In the research in this direction at the institute, the focus of attention is currently on the experimental modeling of the processes taking place on the icy moons of the planet Jupiter. With these experiments, ATOMKI supports the Jupiter Icy Moons Explorer (JUICE) mission of the European Space Agency (ESA).

April 25-26, 2024. The two-day meeting that took place between The majority of the 43 participating researchers came from Europe and America. The cooperating partners reported on the results of their measurements carried out in the laboratories of ATOMKI. The leading researchers of the profession analyzed the directions of the development of astrochemistry and reviewed the opportunities and challenges that arise in relation to astrochemistry in the fields of space research, space industry and climate research. The experts visited ATOMKI’s particle accelerator equipment and laboratories, where research conducted in international cooperation can continue in the future.

Europlanet Central Europe Hub: Tatra workshop

Europlanet Central Europe Hub: Tatra workshop

The Europlanet project, in collaboration with the Astronomical Institute of Slovak Academy of Sciences and Wigner RCP (Hungary), is organising a two-day workshop for the Central Europe Hub of the Europlanet Society. The meeting will be an opportunity to discuss planetary and space science, and to network with colleagues from Central Europe.

The meeting will take place on 19-20 June 2024 at the Astronomical Institute of Slovak Academy of Sciences in Tatranská Lomnica (Slovakia).

The workshop schedule will include time for introductions, scientific discussions, splinter meetings and a visit to Tatra Observatory.

Observatory Skalnate pleso in the Tatra mountains. Credit: Kristo (2004).

Register and discuss requests for travel support by contacting Dr Andrea Opitz on opitz.andrea@wigner.hu.

This workshop is organised and supported by the Europlanet 2024 Research Infrastructure (RI) project, which has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement No 871149. 

1st Planetary Science Workshop in Bolivia

1st Planetary Science Workshop in Bolivia

The first planetary science workshop in Bolivia is underway! The workshop is being held over four days at the Institute for Geological and Environmental Research (Instituto de Investigaciones Geologicas y del Medio Ambiente UMSA) in La Paz, Bolivia. It is part of the Europlanet Workshop Series, organised by the Global Collaboration and Integration Task of the Europlanet 2024 Research Infrastructure (RI) project.

The purpose of the workshop is to provide tools for the processing and mapping of planetary surfaces, exploring different planets and analogous environments in Bolivia and Latin America.

Catch up on YouTube:


This workshop is supported through the Europlanet 2024 RI project, which has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement No 871149. 

1st  Europlanet Planetary Science Workshop in Bolivia 2024

1st  Europlanet Planetary Science  Workshop in Bolivia 2024

This workshop will be held during 4 days at the Institute for Geological and Environmental Research (Instituto de Investigaciones Geologicas y del Medio Ambiente UMSA) in La Paz, Bolivia. The purpose of the workshop is to provide tools for the processing and mapping of planetary surfaces, exploring different planets and analogous environments in Bolivia and Latin America.

Registration is now open!

Deadline for registrations is Friday 12 January.

Expert Exchanges – Call Now Open

Europlanet Expert Exchanges – Call Now Open

A new call has been launched for the Expert Exchange Programme, funded through Europlanet 2024 Research Infrastructure (RI), which aims to share expertise and best practice within the planetary community, and to prepare new facilities and services for integration into the RI.

Applications should be made before the next call deadline of 17 January 2024. Visits through this call should take place between 1 February and 15 May 2024.

The programme provides funding for short visits (up to one week).

Objectives for an Europlanet Expert Exchange might be:

  • To improve infrastructure facilities and services offered to the scientific community by Europlanet 2024 RI laboratories or institutes.
  • To provide training on theoretical or practical aspects of the laboratory/fieldwork required to plan a future TA application.
  • To foster cooperation between academia and industry (SMEs).
  • To support early career professionals to develop skills to use or manage RI facilities or services.
  • To widen participation from Under-Represented States in RI activities and services.
  • To support the inclusion of amateur communities in European planetary science campaigns.
  • To support engagement with wider society e.g. through the involvement of outreach providers, educators, journalists, artists etc.

For more details, see the Expert Exchange Call Page.

Supporting UK and Hungarian Industry Collaborations

Supporting UK and Hungarian Industry Collaborations

Two overarching objectives of Europlanet are to foster industry-academic collaboration and to widen participation from under-represented states in Europe and around the world. Last week, there were opportunities to support both these aims at the UK Space Conference in Belfast and an event at the Hungarian Embassy in London.

At the UK Space Conference from 21-23 November, Europlanet shared a stand with the Hungarian Space Cluster (Hunspace). Over the course of the meeting, we met with many members of the UK and international community, in particular with early career researchers. We were particularly delighted to meet and take part in discussion sessions with the space clusters that represent the different space communities across the UK. Plenary sessions featured discussions on exploration of our Solar Sytem and the technical challenges involved.

On Friday 24 November, we were privileged to be hosted by the Hungarian Embassy in London for a meeting of the UK and Hungarian Space Communities. We were welcomed by Orsolya Ferencz, Ministerial Commissioner  Hungarian  Ministry of Foreign Affairs, and by the Hungarian Ambassador to London, Ferenc Kumin. Nigel Mason (Europlanet 2024 RI Coordinator) and Zsolt Fulop (Chair of the research infrastructure committee in Hungary) kicked off proceedings. Tomas Barzy (Admatis) gave an overview of the Hunspace cluster’s membership, remit and history. Presentations by Hungarian and UK space industry and organisations were followed by a round-table discussion. Many thanks to Gábor Takács-Carvalho and all the team at the Hungarian Embassy for their hospitality.

Full reports on both events will be published soon.

Europlanet at Space Tech Expo Europe

Europlanet at Space Tech Expo Europe

The Europlanet Society participated for the first time in the Space Tech Expo Europe, which took place in Germany (Bremen) between 14-16 November 2023. Attending the event provided an opportunity not only to strengthen the Society’s presence on the European space scene, but also to highlight its commitment to innovation and technological development in the planetary exploration sector.

During the event, Europlanet organized eleven business-to-business sessions, and eighty-one presentations at the stand to share know-how with participants. The Society also took the opportunity to unveil its new sustainability project (Europlanet Association), as well as to showcase its achievements, share knowledge and establish strategic partnerships with other key players in the space industry.

Europlanet’s presence at the Space Tech Expo Europe in Bremen was a great success, highlighting the society’s continued commitment to planetology exploration, exploitation and space innovation. This participation marks the start of a new era for Europlanet, opening the way to new opportunities, partnerships and achievements in the field of European planetology exploration and beyond.

1st Europlanet Latin America Planetary Science Workshop

1st Europlanet Latin America Planetary Science Workshop: Connecting Earth with Other Planets

The next event in the Europlanet Workshop Series will be the 1st Europlanet Latin America Planetary Science Workshop, which will take place from 31 October-03 November 2023 at the University of Buenos Aires, Argentina. The workshop will be held in the hybrid mode.

Who is for?

Post-graduated students, researchers, early career and professionals interested in planetary science, planetary surface and astrobiology.

Programme

The programme for the workshop can be found here.

Fee

The workshop is free of charge but places are limited!

Registration

Registration opens on 01/08/2023 and closes on 27/09/2023. It is compulsory and must be accompanied by a letter of interest and a brief curriculum vitae (max 1 page). You will receive via email confirmation of your acceptance. Participation in the workshop includes all coffee and lunch breaks.

Number of participants

35 people will be admitted in-person and up to 100 online.

Language

English or Spanish

Deliverables

Attendees (both in-person and online) will be issued, on request, with a certificate of attendance. The materials of topics presented at the 1st Latin America Planetary Science Workshop – Connecting Earth with other Planets will be available.

More about the Europlanet Workshop Series

More about Europlanet Global Collaboration and Integration Development

Europlanet Summer School 2023 is Underway

Europlanet Summer School 2023 is Underway

The Europlanet Summer School 2023 is being hosted by Vilnius University’s Moletai Astronomical Observatory (MAO) in Lithuania from 8-18 August.

For the first time, the School is taking place in hybrid format, with 20 participants from 10 countries attending on site and up to 30 people following online. The participants include early careers (right the way from high-school to BSc, MSc, PhD and postdoc) and amateur astronomers.

During the School, participants will gain hands-on experience observing with MAO’s 1.65m and 35/51cm-telescopes (weather permitting!) and training in analysing exoplanet transits, stellar spectra, atmospheric parameters and variability data. The programme includes training modules in communication skills and engaging with schools, as well as lectures on space and ground-based observations and machine learning.

Deividas Dudulis (high-school student and astrophotographer), who is participating in the Summer School, will be posting photos here.

Expert Exchanges – Call Now Open

Europlanet Expert Exchanges – Call Now Open

A new call has been launched for the Expert Exchange Programme, funded through Europlanet 2024 Research Infrastructure (RI), which aims to share expertise and best practice within the planetary community, and to prepare new facilities and services for integration into the RI.

Applications should be made before the next call deadline of 15 June 2023. Visits through this call should take place between 1 August 2023 and 31 January 2024.

The programme provides funding for short visits (up to one week).

Objectives for an Europlanet Expert Exchange might be:

  • To improve infrastructure facilities and services offered to the scientific community by Europlanet 2024 RI laboratories or institutes.
  • To provide training on theoretical or practical aspects of the laboratory/fieldwork required to plan a future TA application.
  • To foster cooperation between academia and industry (SMEs).
  • To support early career professionals to develop skills to use or manage RI facilities or services.
  • To widen participation from Under-Represented States in RI activities and services.
  • To support the inclusion of amateur communities in European planetary science campaigns.
  • To support engagement with wider society e.g. through the involvement of outreach providers, educators, journalists, artists etc.

For more details, see the Expert Exchange Call Page.

Rocks from Space and Planetary Defence Workshop in Morocco

Rocks from Space and Planetary Defence Workshop in Morocco

Rocks from Space and Planetary Defence, the third in a Europlanet Series of workshops is taking place this week from 25-28 April 2023 at the Hôtel Club Val d’Anfa in Casablanca, Morocco, and online.

25 students have been taking part on site and a further 33 students have followed the workshop virtually.

Morocco Workshop

A full report will follow in the coming weeks.

Expert Exchange: The Travelling Telescope

Expert Exchange: The Travelling Telescope

Europlanet 2024 RI’s Expert Exchange Programme aims to support the planetary community to share expertise and best practice, and to prepare new facilities and services. The programme provides funding for short visits (up to one week). 

Colin Clarke of Armagh Observatory and Planetarium, visited Susan Murabana and the Travelling Telescope Team in Kenya from 11 September – 23 October 2022.

The Travelling Telescope is dedicated to promoting science and technology by sharing the wonder of the cosmos with people from all walks of life. The objective of this Expert Exchange project was to provide the Travelling Telescope with assistance from an experienced science communicator, to help the team to grow and reach even more kids and adults.

Colin brought experience in science communication gained at the Armagh Observatory and Planetarium and as Secretary of the Trinity Space Society at Trinity college, Dublin. During the visit, he experienced the full range of the work that the Travelling Telescope engages in, and assisted them in every aspect of their enterprise. Throughout the Exchange, he shared his experience in science communication, data science and event organisation, as well as his technical background in astrophotography and stargazing using powerful telescopes.

During the visit, Colin:

  • Helped with the running of shows in the Nairobi Planetarium, enabling the length of the shows to be increased for the visitors, while the workload for the planetarium operator was halved.
  • Assisted with the Travelling Telescope’s schools’ programme of night-time stargazing sessions and day time sessions in the inflatable planetarium. 
  • Gave classes on science, astronomy and music at Pembroke House, a British boarding school in Gilgil.
  • Supported the Travelling Telescope in the lead up, observation, and aftermath of NASA’s DART mission, converting the format of data collected to create time-lapses and enhance its quality in post-processing.
  • Assisted with the cleaning and installation of 2 spare solar panels at the Nairobi Planetarium
  • Helped with the repair of the mobile, inflatable planetarium.
  • Took part in the monthly Star Safari experience.

Read the full report from Colin Clarke.

Expert Exchange Objectives covered by this visit: Improvement of Facilities and Infrastructure, Training, Widening Participation from Under-Represented States, Inclusion of Amateur Astronomers, Engagement with Wider Society.

Article in the Europlanet Magazine:

Find out more about the Europlanet Expert Exchange Programme.

Next Call For Europlanet Expert Exchange Programme

The final call for the Europlanet 2024 RI Expert Exchange Programme closed on Wednesday 17 January 2024. Visits should take place between 1 February and 15 May 2024.

Expert Exchanges – Call Now Open

Europlanet Expert Exchanges – Call Now Open

A new call has been launched for the Expert Exchange Programme, funded through Europlanet 2024 Research Infrastructure (RI), which aims to share expertise and best practice within the planetary community, and to prepare new facilities and services for integration into the RI.

Applications should be made before the next call deadline of 31 March 2023. Visits through this call should take place between 1 May and 31 October 2023.

The programme provides funding for short visits (up to one week).

Objectives for an Europlanet Expert Exchange might be:

  • To improve infrastructure facilities and services offered to the scientific community by Europlanet 2024 RI laboratories or institutes.
  • To provide training on theoretical or practical aspects of the laboratory/fieldwork required to plan a future TA application.
  • To foster cooperation between academia and industry (SMEs).
  • To support early career professionals to develop skills to use or manage RI facilities or services.
  • To widen participation from Under-Represented States in RI activities and services.
  • To support the inclusion of amateur communities in European planetary science campaigns.
  • To support engagement with wider society e.g. through the involvement of outreach providers, educators, journalists, artists etc.

For more details, see the Expert Exchange Call Page.

Lack of space transportation ‘a huge problem’ for Europe

In an annual press conference on the year ahead, held on 23 January, ESA’s director-general Josef Aschbacher detailed a spate of technical and political challenges that are severely hampering Europe’s ability to launch satellites and other craft. Among these are the loss of European access to Russia’s Soyuz rockets, because of the Russian invasion of Ukraine and the European responses to it. “That means that as of mid this year, we do not have guaranteed access to space for use of our European launchers, and this is a huge problem for us, for all of us” Aschbacher said.

Vega-C and Ariane 6

In addition to the Russian freeze-out, ESA has suffered several technical launch failures since 2019, Aschbacher reminded the press. Last year, the inaugural flight of the Vega-C rocket went off without a hitch in July, but in December another Vega-C mission ended in failure and the destruction of the launcher after a sudden decrease in pressure, the cause of which is still being investigated.

Aschbacher said the agency was taking “several measures…to make sure we put everything on the management side on track to proceed and advance as quick as we can” with improving European access to space. As well as the work on Vega-C and Ariane 6, he said ESA would support the development of small, mini or micro-European launchers, capable of lofting payloads of up to one ton. ESA is exploring the use of a competition to launch payloads with such launchers, he said. But more generally on the transportation problems, he warned: “We need to really work on this to get back, to guarantee access to space for Europe again.”

Find out more info on the following link: https://www.researchprofessionalnews.com/rr-news-europe-infrastructure-2023-1-lack-of-space-transportation-a-huge-problem-for-europe/

Report on Europlanet Workshop ‘Applications of Earth Observation Satellite Data’

Report on Europlanet Workshop ‘Applications of Earth Observation Satellite Data’

This article is a translation of the original article by UNIBO Magazine in Italian, reposted with kind permission.

The second Europlanet 2024 RI Workshop, “Applications of Earth Observation Satellite Data”, coordinated by the University of Bologna and Italian Cultural Institute (Ministry of Foreign Affairs and International Cooperation) was held in Addis Ababa at the Italian Cultural Institute (IIC) in Ethiopia. The event was sponsored by the Italian Space Agency and the National Institute of Astrophysics.

Space is now an objective of strategic importance for African countries. Africa looks to space as a valuable tool for the support, competitiveness and growth of the continent. Africa’s Agenda 2030 and Agenda 2063 set out its future objectives to transform it into a strong, resilient and influential actor and partner on the global scene, and to have the right to a share of global common goods: land, oceans and space.

Now, the Europlanet 2024 Research Infrastructure project and its Global Collaboration and Integration Development programme coordinated by Prof. Barbara Cavalazzi of the University of Bologna, aim to address the challenge of creating a network for planetary sciences in Africa at a national and international, favoring intra-African relations.

Recently, 38 participants from all over Ethiopia attended an international workshop in person. The attendees were professionals, researchers and PhD students from the Universities of Addis Ababa, Mezan Tepi, Semera, Wollo, Wolkite, Oda Bultum, but also from the Ethiopian Space Science and Technology Institute, the Space Science and Geospatial Institute, the Ethiopian Institute of Agricultural Research, the Ethiopian Forest Development, the Ethiopian Roads Administration, all linked by common interests such as Earth observation, use of satellite images and related applications.

Barbara Cavalazzi explains: “The format I chose for this event was to provide high-quality content, examples of applications, and practical workshops for using the software, with kind support from high-profile instructors (Gabriele Bitelli and Francesca Trevisiol, University of Bologna, Patrizia Sacco, Italian Space Agency, Addisu Gezahegn, Addis Ababa University and Gemechu Fanta Garuma, Space Science and Geospatial Institute). In parallel, times for discussion and sessions were organised for the exchange of ideas on research in the field of Earth observation. Interaction between the participants themselves was encouraged, laying the foundations for the formation of a local community of specialists on the subject. And I can say that we have achieved the goal”.

“We are happy to welcome so many participants to this workshop from all over Ethiopia, in conjunction with the National Space Day celebrations,” says Dr. Semen Kumurzhi, Director of the Italian Cultural Institute. “The initiatives promoted are part of the strategy to relaunch our cultural and integrated programme in this country and represent an important moment of dialogue, in particular with a young generation of local scientists and researchers. These activities will help to raise the profile of our country in Ethiopia in a modern and innovative way. It is an excellent example of collaboration between the University of Bologna and the other national organistions (Embassy of Italy, ASI, INAF), whom I sincerely thank. We hope that the results of these projects lead to medium to long-term partnerships, so that we can support the development of space and planetary science in Ethiopia and Africa for years to come.”

“Earth observation through satellite images represents a fundamental tool for the monitoring and management of the territory. The educational programme of the workshop included theoretical lessons supported by practical sessions with open-source software, providing students with the tools to use remote sensing images to support their own research or professional activity. Possible applications, which emerged as priorities from the participants, included the monitoring of agriculture in the context of food security, the prevention of natural disasters, the monitoring of surface water and drought, together with the other environmental problems that climate change is making increasingly evident,” explain Gabriele Bitelli and Francesca Trevisiol at the end of the workshop.

The workshop, which ended on 16 December, coincided with the second National Space Day, during which the “LOOKING BEYOND/Guardare Oltre” satellite image exhibition (curated by F. Maggia) set up at the IIC was inaugurated. The programme was enriched by a series of workshops “Let’s light up the constellations” held by Dr. Federico Di Giacomo of INAF-Astronomical Observatory of Padua, and organized in collaboration with Dr Maura Sandri of INAF and Prof Barbara Cavalazzi, which involved nearly 200 students from the Galileo Galilei Italian school in Addis Ababa.

University of Bologna participation was by Barbara Cavalazzi, Professor in the Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, who coordinated the workshop, and Gabriele Bitelli and Francesca Trevisiol, Professor and doctoral student in the Geomatics group of the Department of Civil, Chemical, Environmental and Materials Engineering, who participated in the initiative. The event was organised with the support of Europlanet 2024 RI, which received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 program (Grant No 871149).

Earth Observation Techniques and Data Analysis – Europlanet WorkshopSeries

Earth Observation Techniques and Data Analysis – Europlanet WorkshopSeries

Second workshop

Registration is now open for the workshop ‘Earth Observation Techniques and Data Analysis’, which will take place from 13-16 December 2022 at the Italian Cultural Institute, Belay Zelleke Street, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.

Register now before 4 November 2022. The workshop is free of charge but it requires a pre-registration (for practical organisation) which also includes all coffee and lunch breaks.

This second event in the Europlanet WorkshopSeries will bring together space tech specialists, scientists and graduated students to discuss current topics in this rapidly developing space field and especially in Geographical Information Systems (GIS). This workshop format is focusing on content and collaboration, and aims to create an African network in planetary science.

The workshop is open to postgraduate students, researchers and professionals interested in the field Earth Observation. It is an in-person event.

Europlanet WorkshopSeries aims to inspire and encourage planetary science and space technology development across borders in developed and developing countries and across the spectrum of academia, industry and civil society. 

Visit the website

Download the brochure.

Europlanet WorkshopSeries is an initiative under the umbrella of the Global Collaboration and Integration Development program of Europlanet 2024 RI.